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The Cracked Bottle Brain Teaser

LoveMaths Tutoring UK poses this everyday science question as reasoning practice: a full, tightly sealed water bottle left in a freezer overnight cracks by morning, with no damage from outside. Working out why draws on what happens to water's volume as it changes from liquid to solid.

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ScienceKS3

The Cracked Bottle Brain Teaser

A full, tightly sealed plastic bottle of water is left in a freezer overnight. In the morning it has cracked, with no damage from outside. What caused this?

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What's the puzzle?

A full, tightly sealed plastic bottle of water is left in a freezer overnight. In the morning it has cracked, with no damage from outside. What caused this?

What's the explanation?

Water is unusual: unlike most substances, it expands as it freezes rather than contracting. A full, sealed bottle leaves no space for that expansion, so the pressure of the growing ice cracks the bottle.

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